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History

• Dynasties I to II: The unification
  • The Bull Palette
  • The Narmer Palette
  • Herodotus on Menes
• Dynasties III to XI: From the first pyramid builders to the beginning of the Middle Kingdom
  • The subjugation of Nubia
  • Ancient Egypt and the Middle East
  • Might and right in international relations
  • The Famine Stele (The famine referred to : ca.2660 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Khufu (ca.2585-2566 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Khafre (ca.2558-2532 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Menkaure (ca.2532-2514 BCE)
  • The Campaigns of Pepi I (ca.2313-2279) in Southern Canaan
  • Sixth dynasty tomb inscription
  • The Instructions of Merikare (ca.2200 BCE)
  • The end of the Old Kingdom
• Dynasties XII to XVII: The growth of the middle class, the decline of central power and the conquest of the Hyksos
  • Asiatics in Egyptian Household Services
  • Herodotus on Amenemhet III (1817-1772 BCE)
  • The Semna stelae of Senusret III
  • Herodotus on Sesostris (perhaps Senusret II or Ramses II)
  • Manetho on the Hyksos
  • Kamose Inscription
  • The autobiography of Ahmose, son of Abana (ca.1550 BCE)
  • Description of Asiatic life from the Tale of Sinuhe
• Dynasties XVIII to XX: The reassertion of Egyptian power and the building of an empire
  • The priests of Amen-Re and the Theban kings
  • Marriage as a tool of foreign politics
  • Hatshepsut's (ca.1498-1483 BCE) Inscription on the Hyksos
  • Tombs of the Noblemen
  • The Asiatic Campaigns of Thutmose III (ca.1482 BCE)
  • The battle of Megiddo (ca.1482 BCE)
  • An Egyptian account of the battle of Megiddo (ca.1482 BCE)
  • The Asiatic campaigns of Amenhotep II (ca. 1448 BCE
  • The Napata (Gebel Barkal) Stele
  • Amarna Letters
    • A Letter from Kadashman Enlil of Babylon to Amenhotep III
    • A Letter from the King of Babylon to the King of Egypt
    • Burnaburiash trying to get more gold from Akhenaten
    • Burnaburiash asking for more gold
    • Letter from a princess
    • A Letter from Tushratta, king of Mitanni
    • A Letter from Tushratta loaning a statue of the goddess Shauskha to Amenhotep III
    • A Letter from Tushratta wishing Akhenaten good health
    • Letters from Suppiluliuma to Akhenaten
    • Letter from the king of Alasiya
    • Letter by Ashur-Uballit
    • A Letter from Abdu-Heba of Jerusalem
    • A Letter from Shuwardata of Keilah
    • Another translation of the complaint of Shuwardata of Keilah against his neighbours
    • Another Letter from Abdu-Heba
    • Letter by Rib-Addi of Biblos
    • Letters by Biridiya of Megiddo
    • Letter from Labayu of Shechem
    • Letter from Yapahu of Gezer
    • Letter from the ruler of Acco
    • Letter from Pharaoh to Endaruta of Akshapa
    • Letter from Pharaoh to Milkilu of Gezer
    • Letter from Abi-Milku, king of Tyre
    • Letter from Yabitiri to Amenhotep III
    • Letter from Pabi, prince of Lakhish to Akhenaten
    • Letters from Aziru to his brother Khai concerning the incusrions of the Hittites, to pharaoh and to Dudu
    • Letters from Akizzi of Qatna
  • Tutankhamun's (ca.1334-1325 BCE) Restoration
  • The 'Zannanza' affair
  • Stelae of Ramses I (ca.1318 BCE) and Seti I at Wadi Halfa
  • Campaign of Seti I in Northern Palestine (ca.1318 BCE)
  • The Journal of a Frontier Official
  • Ramses II: The Battle of Kadesh (1286 BCE)
  • Picture of the battle of Kadesh (1286 BCE)
  • Egyptian accounts of the battle of Kadesh (1286 BCE)
  • Commemorative Stela of the Family of Ramses at Tanis
  • Egyptian-Hittite Correspondence
  • Beit Shean Stela of Ramses II
  • The Asiatic Campaigning of Ramses II (ca.1300 BCE)
  • The End of the Egyptian-Hittite Hostilities
  • Peace Treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III (ca.1283 BCE)
  • Hymn of Merneptah (ca.1230 BCE)
  • Report of an officer chasing runaway slaves
  • The end of the 19th Dynasty (1200 BCE)
  • The Report of a Frontier Official
  • The Incursions of the Sea Peoples
  • Assassination attempts against Ramses III (ca.1167 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Rhampsinitos (Ramses III)
  • The Decline of Egyptian power: Wen-amen's journey to Gebal (Byblos) (ca.1100 BCE)
• Dynasties XXI to XXXI: The rule of the foreigners
  • The rise to power of the Libyans
  • The Palestine campaign of Sheshonq I (930 BCE)
  • The Assyrian Expansion into Palestine (732 BCE)
  • The beginnings of the Ethiopian Dynasty (716 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Sethos (Shebitku) (ca.697-689 BCE)
  • The Assyrian Conquest of Egypt (671 BCE)
  • The end of the Kushite involvement (663 BCE)
  • The fall of Thebes (663 BCE)
  • The pharaohs of Sais and the Ionians
  • Social changes in the Late Dynastic Period
  • Psammetic's unsuccessful policy of containment towards Babylon
  • Herodotus on Psammetic I (656-609 BCE)
  • Necho's first campaign (609 BCE) and the Babylonian conquest of Egypt's traditional sphere of influence in Asia (605 BCE).
  • Herodotus on Necho (609-594 BCE)
  • Maritime Policies of the Saite Kings
  • Herodotus on Psammetic II (594-587 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Apries (Wahibre) (587-569 BCE)
  • Late Period: Desertion and revolt of a discontented army
  • Egypt and the rising Persian empire (560-525 BCE)
  • Herodotus on Amasis (Ahmose II) (569-526 BCE)
  • The Persian Satrapy (525-404 BCE)
  • The last national Dynasties (404-343 BCE)
• The Graeco-Roman Period: The Hellenists
  • Troubled times towards the end of the 4th century BCE
• List of dynasties

The Memphite mythology

• Anubis
• Amen
• Aten
• Bast
• Bes
• Hathor
• Osiris, Isis, Horus, Seth
• Khnum
• Ptah, Sekhmet, Nefertem
• Re
• Thoth
• Some other gods

Cultural chronology

• Until 3000 BCE : Predynastic Period
• 3000 - 2600 : From the unification to the buiding of the great pyramids
• 2600 - 2100 : 5th Dynasty to the First Intermediate Period
• 2100 - 1700 : Middle Kingdom :12th and 13th Dynasty
• 1700 - 1550 : The Second Intermediate Period
• 1550 - 1300 : New Kingdom: 18th Dynasty
• 1300 - 1200 : 19th Dynasty
• 1200 - 1100 : 20th Dynasty
• 1100 - 530 : The Third Intermediate Period
• 530 - 340 : The Persian and Greek Conquests
• 340 - 30 BCE : The Ptolemaic Period

Aspects of life in ancient Egypt

• Accommodation
  • Furniture
  • House and Garden
  • Housing in a workers village
  • The townhouse of Djehutinefer
• Art and artefacts
  • Portraiture
    • 3rd dynasty portraiture
    • 4th dynasty portraiture
    • 5th dynasty portraiture
    • 6th dynasty portraiture
    • 12th dynasty portraiture
    • 18th dynasty portraiture, from the beginning of the dynasty to the reign of Akhenaten
    • 18th dynasty portraiture, from the reign of Akhenaten to the end of the dynasty
    • 19th dynasty portraiture
    • 25th and 26th dynasty portraiture
    • Roman portraiture
  • The decorative palettes of the late 4th millennium
  • The Gebel el Arak knife: A pre-dynastic battle scene
  • The back of the haft of the Gebel el Arak knife
• Building
  • Architectural elements Foundations, arches, pillars, obelisks, stairs
  • Building in stone
  • Planning, materials, tools
  • Town planning
  • Hotep-Senusret, map of a planned city
  • Walls and ramparts
  • Contemporary plan of the tomb of Ramses IV
• Clothing and jewellery
  • Garments
  • Linen
  • Dyeing fabrics and other materials
  • Personal ornaments
• The Country: its geography, population and fauna
  • A Bestiary Animals divine, wild, domestic and imaginary
  • Ancient Egyptian plants
  • Nomes, cities and sites
  • The Nile and ancient Egypt
  • W.M. Flinders Petrie: The weather in ancient Egypt
  • The geography of Egypt through the eyes of Herodotus
  • The people: Composition, numbers, language
  • Cities and citizens
  • Egyptians and foreigners
  • Counting and measuring
  • Gender in the economy, literature and art
  • Seals and sealings
• Drink and Food
  • Drink Beer, milk, wine, water
  • Food
    • Bread
    • Meat and Fish
    • Slaughtering cattle
    • Fruit and vegetables
• Farming
  • Agriculture - The role of the Nile, irrigation, the crops
    • The Grain Harvest
    • The farmer and his tools
  • Flax - The crop and the production of linen
  • Bee-keeping
  • Domesticated animals - Farm animals and pets
• Health and Hygiene
  • Medical Care: The healers, the diseases, herbal medicine, pregancy and childbirth, surgery, prosthetics, dentistry, historical perspective.
    • The Edwin Smith Papyrus
    • The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus
    • Extracts from the Ebers medical Papyrus
    • The Hearst medical Papyrus
  • Personal Hygiene and Cosmetics: Cosmetics, perfumes, washing, hair
  • The extermination of vermin
• Leisure and enjoyment
  • Conviviality: Banquets
  • Drink, drugs and sex
  • Fishing and hunting
  • Humour
  • Music and Dance
  • Pets
  • Play and games
    • Games found at Ballas by W.M.Flinders Petrie
  • Theatre: Mysteries and satires
  • Zoos and parks
• Religion, mythology, world view
  • Funerary practices
    • The Funerary Cortège and the Opening of the Mouth Ceremony, Ptolemaic period
    • Mummification - the embalmers and their art
    • Funerary practices: Preparations and burial
    • The Judgment of the Dead
    • Solar Ships and Funerary Boats
  • The Egyptians and their dead
  • Heka, the Magic of Ancient Egypt
  • The Religion of the People
  • The Memphite Mythology with short descriptions of some of the gods
  • The Negative Confessions
  • Public Ceremonies: Processions, festivals
  • Theatre: Religious plays
  • Body and Soul
  • Divine and royal headdresses and crowns
• Social relationships and institutions
  • Man and woman: Gender roles and relationships, the family
  • Masters and workers: Labour relations in ancient Egypt
  • Slavery
  • The social classes of ancient Egypt
  • Childhood
  • Friendship
• State institutions
  • The administration: The court, the civil adminstration, the military, foreign relations, the temples, regional governments, the vice-royalty of Nubia.
    • The pharaoh: man, ruler and god
    • The vizierate: Historic development, rules of conduct, duties
  • The armed forces: The army and navy
    • The rewards of military life
    • The Chariot: History, design and use
    • The Weapons: (Clubs, maces, axes, swords, bow and arrow, slingshot, shields, helmets and body armour)
    • A pre-dynastic battle scene
    • Fortresses
    • Siege warfare
  • Law enforcement: The police, the criminals and their crimes, the courts, the punishments
    • Diodorus Siculus on the Egyptian judicial system
    • Herodotus on Egyptian laws
    • Contracts and other legal documents
  • Duties: Taxation, forced labour, military service
• Economy and trade
  • Craftsmen and artists
    • Composition and development of tools
    • Carpenters and their tools
    • Gold- and silversmiths
    • Foundry workers
    • Scents - incense and perfumes
    • Potters
    • Basketry
    • Glass
    • Stone vessels
    • Household utensils and materials
    • Rope-making
  • The economy: Population, sources of wealth, duties imposed and beneficiaries of the system
    • Landed property
    • Wages and prices
  • Trade
    • Domestic trade: Barter, the exchange of gifts, abstract equivalence values, credit, market places, the merchants
    • Asiatic traders in Egypt
    • Old Kingdom market scene
    • Overseas trade
  • Raw materials
    • Animal products: Leather, fur, eggshells, bone, ivory
    • Clay
    • Metals: sources, technologies, uses
    • Mining of metals, precious stones, natron etc.
      • Diodorus Siculus on mining in ancient Egypt
      • Pliny on Nitre
    • Papyrus
    • Stone
    • Wood
  • Travel and transportation
    • Ships and Boats: The archaeological evidence, the state involvement, ship construction, navigation, constructions facilitating navigation
      • Sea-going vessels - warships and merchant men
      • River shipping: Fishing boats, transportation barges, pleasure boats
      • Solar ships and funerary boats
      • Early ship construction: Khufu's boat
    • Canals
    • Journeys of exploration: Henenu's exploration of the Red Sea, journeys to Punt under Hatshepsut, the circumnavigation of Africa
    • Means of transportation: Walking, ferries, litters, chariots, beasts of burden, ships and boats
• Language
  • Transliteration and pronunciation of ancient Egyptian
  • The Gardiner list of hieroglyphs

Egyptian texts

• Hymn to Osiris
• The mouse as vizier
• Incantations against reptiles and noxious creatures in general
• The Legend of the Destruction of Mankind
• Two versions of the creation myth
• Hammamat inscriptions
• The biography of Metjen (4th dynasty)
• The instructions of Kagemni (4th dynasty)
• A decree of Neferirkare Kakai (5th dynasty)
• Tomb inscription of the nomarch Henku (5/6th dynasty)
• The offering of Uha (5th dynasty)
• The tomb inscription of the vizier Weshptah (5th dynasty)
• Precepts of the prefect, the lord Ptah-hotep (5th dynasty)
• The inscription of Ptahshepses (4/5th dynasty)
• The instructions of Merikare, extracts (6th dynasty)
• 6th dynasty tomb inscription
• The autobiography of Weni (6th dynasty)
• The inscription of Djau (6th dynasty)
• The inscription of Pepinakht (6th dynasty)
• The inscription of Sebni (6th dynasty)
• An Old Kingdom judgment: Sobek-hotep vs. Tchau (6th dynasty)
• Hymn to the Nile (6/7th dynasty)
• The decree of Demedjibtawy protecting mortuary foundations and exempting them from dues and duties (8th dynasty)
• Letters to the Dead (6th - 11th dynasty)
• The biography of Ankhtifi
• The biography of Tefibi
• The inscriptions of Kheti, son of Tefibi (9/10th dynasty)
• The inscriptions of Kheti, son of Sit (9/10th dynasty)
• The admonitions of Ipuwer
• Harper's lay (c. 2000 BCE)
• The stela of Mentuhotep, a self-made man (11th dynasty)
• The stela of Irtisen (11th dynasty)
• The Heqanakht papyri (11th dynasty)
• Extracts from an official journal (Middle Kingdom)
• The teaching of Amenemhet I to his son Senusret (12th dynasty)
• The prophecies of Neferti (12th dynasty)
• The inscription of Khnumhotep I (12th dynasty)
• The inscription of Ameni (12th dynasty)
• The inscription of Khnumhotep II (12th dynasty)
• The stela of Khusobek (12th dynasty)
• The Herdsman's Tale (12th dynasty)
• The Loyalist Instruction from the Sehetepibre Stela (12th dynasty)
• Excerpts from the Tale of Sinuhe (12th dynasty)
• The Tale of Sinuhe (12th dynasty)
• The Contracts of Hepzefi (12th dynasty)
• The tale of the shipwrecked sailor
• The tale of the eloquent peasant
• The stela of the policeman Kay
• The Ikhernofret stela
• Hymn to Senusret III (12th dynasty)
• The Inscriptions of Thuthotep (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Legal documents - Memorandum of price of services (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Legal documents - Conveyance by Mery (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Legal documents - Will of Uah (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Legal documents - Statement of Claim (12th dynasty)
• Debate between a man tired of life and his ba (12th dynasty)
• The admonitions of Khekheperre-sonbu (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Legal documents - Enumeration of the persons composing the Middle Kingdom household of Kha-kau-Ra (12th dynasty)
• Petrie Papyri: Account papyri - Land allocation (12th dynasty)
• The instructions of Khety (Middle Kingdom)
• The teaching of a man for his son (Middle Kingdom)
• The tales from the Westcar Papyrus (Middle Kingdom or later)
• The fowler's speech (Middle Kingdom)
• The Pleasures of Fishing and Fowling (Middle Kingdom)
• The inscriptions of Ameniseneb (13th dynasty)
• The quarrel between Apophis and Sekenenre (15th dynasty)
• The contendings of Horus and Seth
• Charm for the protection of a child, ca. 16th century
• The Kamose inscription
• The stela of Beka
• The Tempest Stela of Ahmose I (18th dynasty)
• The Donation Stela of Ahmose I (18th dynasty)
• The Ahmose memorial (18th dynasty)
• Quarry inauguration under Ahmose I (18th dynasty)
• Regulation laid upon the vizier, Rekhmire (18th dynasty)
• An Egyptian account of the battle of Megiddo (18th dynasty)
• The Armant Stela of Thutmose III (18th dynasty)
• The autobiography of Ahmose Pen-nekhbet (18th dynasty)
• Legal records concerning property
• The autobiography of Amenemhab , (18th dynasty)
• The Sphinx Stela of Thutmose IV (18th dynasty)
• The Konosso Inscription of Thutmose IV (18th dynasty)
• Accounts of royal elephant hunts, (18th dynasty).
• The taking of Joppa, a tale of conquest by Djehuti under Thutmose III.
• The stela of Nebwawi (18th dynasty)
• The Semna stela of the viceroy Merimose (18th dynasty)
• The inscription of the royal scribe Amenhotep (18th dynasty)
• Scarab inscriptions of Amenhotep II (18th dynasty)
• Two marriages of Amenhotep III (18th dynasty)
• Hymns to the Aten (18th dynasty)
• The Restoration Stela (Tutankhamen) (18th dynasty)
• The Great Edict of Horemheb (18th dynasty)
• An ideal autobiography (18 dynasty)
• The 400 year stela
• From the journal of a frontier official under Seti I (19th dynasty)
• King Neferkare and General Sasenet, (18th/19th dynasty)
• The autobiography of Bekenkhonsu
• Inscription of Paser (19th dynasty)
• An Egyptian account of the battle of Kadesh (19th dynasty)
• The peace treaty between Ramses II and Hattusili III (19th dynasty)
• The Marriage Stela of Ramses II (19th dynasty)
• Letter of Panbesa (19th dynasty)
• Inscription of a First Charioteer of his Majesty at Horbeit (19th dynasty)
• Papyrus Anastasi I: A satirical letter
• The Merneptah Hymn
• New Kingdom love poetry
• Ancient Egyptian tales: Truth and Falsehood (19th dynasty)
• Ancient Egyptian tales: Anpu and Bata (19th dynasty)
• Tale of the garden of flowers (19th dynasty)
• Koller Papyrus: Warnings to the idle scribe
• Koller Papyrus: A letter concerning Nubian tribute
• The Tale of the Doomed Prince
• The inscription of Mes
• Records of the strike at Deir el Medina under Ramses III (20th dynasty)
• Records of the harem conspiracy against Ramses III (20th dynasty)
• Tomb inscription of Panehsi
• Will of Nau-nakht (20th dynasty)
• Records of legal proceedings at Deir el Medine
• Instruction in letter-writing by Nebmare-nakht (20th dynasty)
• An adoption papyrus
• The Abydos stela of Ramses IV (20th dynasty)
• The Great Abydos stela of Ramses IV (20th dynasty)
• Wenamen's journey to Byblos (20th dynasty)
• The Turin papyrus (Papyrus 55001)
• The Abbott Papyrus (20th dynasty)
• Letter by Djehuti-mesu to Bu-teh-Amen (20th dynasty)
• A letter by the scribe Djehuti-mesu concerning a joke and the reaction to it (20th dynasty)
• Letter by Ramses-nakht concerning supplies for the troops protecting gold miners in Nubia (20th dynasty)
• Letter concerning an extramarital sexual relationship (20th dynasty)
• Ramesside tomb robberies: the Amherst Papyrus and the Turin Fragment (20th dynasty)
• Ramesside tomb robberies: the Mayer Papyri (20th dynasty)
• pLeyden 371: To the wise spirit of Onkhari (20th dynasty or later)
• The literary letter of Wermai (20/21st dynasty)
• Princess Ahura: The Magic Book (c. 1100 BCE)
• The Will of Amonkhau in Favor of His Second Wife (c. 1100 BCE)
• The Stela of Smendes I (21th dynasty)
• Letters concerning livestock and agriculture (NK and later)
• The Stela of the banishment (21th dynasty)
• Trial by oracle (21th dynasty)
• Stela of endowments of Sheshonq
• The Stela of Rudamen (23rd dynasty)
• The Stela of Piye (25th dynasty)
• The Shabaka Stone (25th dynasty)
• The autobiographical inscription of the general Psamtik (26th dynasty)
• The Adoption Stela of Nitocris (26th dynasty)
• Inscription of the chief steward Ibi (26th dynasty)
• The stela of Ankhenesneferibre (26th dynasty)
• Inscription of Nesuhor (26th dynasty)
• The stela of Besmut (26th dynasty)
• Inscription of Udjahorresne (26th dynasty)
• The petition of Pediese (6th century BCE)
• Aramaic Papyri from Elephantine (27th dynasty)
• A Ghost Story
• The second demotic tale of Khamuas
• The Naukratis Decree (380 BCE)
• The inscription of Hor-nefer (c. 300 BCE)
• Decree of the satrap Ptolemy Lagides (Ptolemaic Period)
• The Great Mendes Stela (Ptolemaic period)
• A taxcollector's oath (236 BCE)
• The biographical inscription of Petosiris (Ptolemaic period)
• The Canopus Decree (Ptolemaic period)
• The potter's oracle (Ptolemaic period)
• The Demotic legal code of Hermopolis (Ptolemaic period)
• The negative confessions from the Papyrus of Ani (Ptolemaic period)
• The Legend of Horus of Behutet and the Winged Disk (Ptolemaic period)
• Procès verbal (Ptolemaic period)
• The book of victory over Seth
• Marriage contracts
• Divorce agreements
• The Famine Stela
• Demotic papyrus of moral precepts (32nd dynasty)
• Hymn to Hathor: the Egyptian agricultural cycle
• The Greek section of the Rosetta Stone with annotations (Ptolemaic Period)
• Translations of the Greek and demotic sections of the Rosetta Stone (Ptolemaic Period)
• Demotic papyri relating to economic aspects of religious life in the Ptolemaic Period
• Allotment of crown lands to soldiers and their rents in Ptolemaic times
• Graeco-Roman tax-receipts
• Legal records concerning land
• The Legend of Re and Isis
• Fragment of a Demotic dreambook
• The demotic magical papyrus of London and Leiden
• Texts on mourning and burial
• Diodorus Siculus: The daily routine of the pharaohs
• Diodorus Siculus on Egyptian medicine
• Pliny the Elder: The Geography of Egypt
• The last funerary stela of a Buchis bull (340 CE)

Herodotus on the pharaohs

• Menes
• Khufu, 2585-2566
• Khafre, 2558-2532
• Menkaure, 2532-2514
• Asychis
• Nitocris
• Moeris (Amenemhet III, 1817-1772 ?)
• Sesostris
• Pheros
• Proteus
• Rhampsinitos : An Ali Baba story
• Anysis
• Sabacos, 711-697
• Shebitku, 697-689
• Psammetic I, 656-609
• Necho II, 609-594
• Psammetic II, 594-587
• Wahibre, 587-569
• Ahmose II, 569-526
• Cambyses, 525-522
• Darius I, 522-486

Various

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• Glossary
• Apologia and bibliography